Poliovirus Antigens (Types 1-3)

Poliovirus antigens refer to the structural proteins and epitopes present on the surface of polioviruses, which are recognized by the immune system. There are three serotypes of poliovirus—Type 1 (PV-1), Type 2 (PV-2), and Type 3 (PV-3)—each defined by distinct antigenic properties primarily determined by differences in their capsid proteins. These antigens are critical for both natural immunity following infection and vaccine-induced protection. The major antigenic sites are located on the capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. Neutralizing antibodies against these antigenic sites confer immunity to specific poliovirus types. Immunity to one serotype does not guarantee protection against others due to significant antigenic differences among them—hence vaccines include all three types to ensure broad coverage. The cellular receptor used by all three poliovirus types is known as Pvr or CD155—a cell adhesion molecule that mediates virus entry into host cells. Capsid protein variations among the serotypes determine their receptor binding specificity and thus their unique antigenicity.

Other names

PV-1 antigensPV-2 antigensPV-3 antigensPoliovirus capsid proteinsVP1VP2VP3VP4

Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody production