Poliovirus receptor family ligand (PVR family ligand)

The Poliovirus receptor (PVR) family ligands, primarily comprising CD155 (PVR) and CD112 (Nectin-2), are cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that play a critical role in modulating immune responses and cell-cell adhesion (UniProt P15151, Q92692). These ligands are frequently overexpressed in various solid and hematological malignancies, where they interact with a network of receptors on T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, including the activating receptor DNAM-1 (CD226) and the inhibitory receptors TIGIT, CD96, and PVRIG (PubMed 31515551). In the tumor microenvironment, the high expression of PVR family ligands often favors binding to inhibitory receptors like TIGIT, leading to immune evasion and T cell exhaustion (PubMed 25446871). Consequently, these ligands and their associated signaling pathways have emerged as significant therapeutic targets in oncology. Therapeutic strategies include the development of monoclonal antibodies that block these ligands or their receptors to restore the pro-inflammatory activity of immune cells against tumors (PubMed 30305468). Beyond cancer, these ligands are also involved in viral entry processes, most notably as the primary receptor for the poliovirus (PubMed 1842544).

Other names

CD155CD112Nectin-2Necl-5PVRPVRL2Poliovirus receptor-related 2Tage4HVEBPRR2Nectin family ligand

Blocking the interaction between PVR family ligands (specifically CD155 and CD112) and their corresponding inhibitory receptors (TIGIT, PVRIG, and CD96) to prevent the suppression of T cell and Natural Killer (NK) cell activity, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity (PubMed 31515551, 30305468).