Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism (PUFA metabolism)

Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism refers to the complex network of biochemical pathways responsible for the synthesis, modification, and breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including both omega‑6 and omega‑3 series. This process is not a single molecular entity but encompasses multiple enzymes—such as desaturases and elongases—and involves numerous intermediates. PUFAs are essential components of cell membranes where they maintain fluidity and participate in signal transduction. Their metabolites serve as precursors for bioactive lipids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes that regulate inflammation, vascular tone, platelet aggregation, cardiac rhythm stability, endothelial function, triglyceride synthesis in the liver,[1] cognitive functions,[2] reproductive health,[3] among other physiological processes. Alterations in PUFA metabolism have been linked to cardiovascular diseases due to their effects on blood lipids and anti-inflammatory properties,[4] neurodegenerative conditions through impacts on brain membrane composition,[2] inflammatory diseases via eicosanoid production,[1][4] as well as fertility issues.[3] However—critically—“polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism” is not itself a therapeutic target like an enzyme or receptor but rather describes an entire set of pathways involving many targets. Therefore it should not be considered a canonical druggable entity. If you need information about specific enzymes within this pathway (e.g., cyclooxygenase [COX], lipoxygenase [LOX], desaturases), those would be valid molecular targets with structured data available.

Other names

PUFA metabolismPolyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathwayOmega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid metabolism