Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis (S. suis) antigens (PRRSV and S. suis antigens)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis antigens represent a combination of immunogenic components derived from two of the most significant pathogens in the global swine industry [1, 2]. PRRSV is a positive-sense RNA virus that primarily infects porcine alveolar macrophages, leading to severe reproductive failure in sows and respiratory distress in growing pigs [1]. Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterium that often acts as a secondary opportunistic pathogen following PRRSV-induced immunosuppression, causing systemic diseases such as meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia [2, 3]. Together, these pathogens are major contributors to the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC), resulting in substantial economic losses [3]. Therapeutic strategies focusing on these antigens primarily involve the development of vaccines designed to elicit robust humoral and cellular immune responses [4]. PRRSV antigens typically include the nucleocapsid (N) and envelope proteins (GP5), while S. suis antigens often involve the capsular polysaccharide or various surface proteins [1, 2]. A major challenge in targeting these antigens is the high genetic variability of PRRSV and the numerous serotypes of S. suis, which complicate the achievement of broad cross-protection [1, 2]. Effective management requires multi-valent or broad-spectrum vaccine approaches to address the diversity of circulating strains [4, 5].

Other names

PRRSV/S. suis antigensPorcine respiratory disease complex antigensPRRSV and Streptococcus suis vaccine components

Induction of active immunity through the presentation of viral and bacterial epitopes to the host immune system, leading to the production of neutralizing antibodies and activation of cell-mediated immunity (T-cell response) to prevent or mitigate infection [4].