Post-Translational Modification (PTM)

Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic alteration of proteins following their biosynthesis (translation). PTMs are essential for regulating protein function, localization, stability, and interactions within the cell. They occur on specific amino acid side chains or at the N- or C-termini of proteins and can be reversible or irreversible. PTMs regulate key cellular processes such as enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, subcellular localization, signal transduction pathways, and protein degradation. Aberrant PTM patterns contribute to numerous diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, and immune dysfunctions.

Other names

Protein modificationProtein processing