Potassium ion homeostasis pathway

Potassium ion homeostasis pathway refers to the complex physiological processes that maintain the concentration of potassium ions (K+) within a narrow range in the extracellular and intracellular compartments (StatPearls, 2023 [4]). This regulation is critical for maintaining the resting membrane potential of cells, which is essential for the proper functioning of excitable tissues such as the heart, nerves, and muscles (Nature Reviews Nephrology, 2017 [5]). The pathway involves a coordinated effort between the kidneys, which are responsible for the majority of potassium excretion, and the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the shifting of potassium between fluid compartments mediated by the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (PubMed, 2016 [1]). Dysregulation of this pathway leads to clinical conditions such as hyperkalemia or hypokalemia, both of which can cause lethal cardiac arrhythmias (NIH, 2022 [6]). Therapeutic intervention often targets specific components of the pathway, including renal ion channels (e.g., ROMK), transporters (e.g., NCC), or the use of gastrointestinal potassium binders to manage systemic levels (Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2017 [3]).

Other names

Potassium balanceK+ homeostasisRenal potassium handlingPotassium regulation

Drugs targeting this pathway act by inhibiting or activating specific ion channels (e.g., ROMK, BK), transporters (e.g., NCC, NKCC2), or pumps (Na+/K+-ATPase) to alter the renal excretion, intestinal absorption, or cellular distribution of potassium ions (Palmer & Clegg, 2016 [1]).