Presynaptic Neuron Monoamine Release

Presynaptic neuron monoamine release is the process by which monoaminergic neurons release monoamine neurotransmitters—primarily dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and serotonin (5-HT)—from their presynaptic terminals into the synaptic cleft. This release is a key step in chemical synaptic transmission, enabling communication between neurons and modulation of various physiological processes. The process involves synthesis and storage of monoamines in vesicles, calcium-triggered exocytosis, receptor binding, reuptake via transporters (DAT, NET, SERT), and enzymatic degradation. Certain drugs, like monoamine releasing agents (MRAs), can induce non-vesicular release, leading to increased extracellular concentrations of monoamines. This process plays a critical role in regulating mood, arousal, attention, motor control, and autonomic functions, and its dysfunction is implicated in psychiatric disorders.

Ca2+-dependent exocytosis, drug-induced reverse transport via DAT/NET/SERT