Pro-inflammatory and T-helper cell type 2 cytokines

Pro-inflammatory and Th2 cytokines are a broad category of signaling proteins that coordinate the body's immune and inflammatory responses. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), are primarily produced by innate immune cells and drive systemic inflammation and the acute-phase response [1, 2]. Th2 cytokines, including Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-5 (IL-5), and Interleukin-13 (IL-13), are produced by T-helper 2 cells and are central to Type 2 immunity, which involves eosinophil activation and IgE production [3, 4]. Dysregulation of these cytokine pathways is a fundamental driver of chronic inflammatory diseases like asthma, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis [5]. Therapeutic intervention often involves the use of biologics that specifically inhibit these cytokines or their receptors to alleviate pathological inflammation and tissue damage [6].

Other names

Inflammatory cytokinesType 2 cytokinesTh2-type cytokinesPro-inflammatory mediators

These agents typically consist of monoclonal antibodies or decoy receptors that bind to and neutralize specific cytokines or their receptors, thereby preventing the activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT, NF-kappaB, and MAPK [1, 4].