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Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2 (PHD1) is an oxygen-sensing enzyme that hydroxylates proline residues on hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIFα) proteins under normoxic conditions, targeting them for proteasomal degradation. Under hypoxia, EGLN2 activity is reduced, leading to HIFα accumulation and activation of the hypoxic response. It plays roles in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial function, and various diseases including cancer and ischemia. Its inhibition is explored as a therapeutic strategy, but requires careful consideration due to its dual roles and potential off-target effects.
Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylation of HIFalpha, leading to increased HIFalpha stability and transcriptional activity.
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