Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS)

Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) is a glutathione-independent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). This enzyme is predominantly expressed in the brain but is also found in the male genital organs, heart, kidney, and other tissues. PTGDS—also known as lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase or beta-trace protein—plays multifunctional roles both as a key enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis and as a carrier (chaperone) for small hydrophobic molecules. Its product, PGD2, is involved in the regulation of sleep, inhibition of platelet aggregation, neuromodulation, smooth muscle tone, and immune responses. PTGDS is clinically significant as a biomarker for cerebrospinal fluid in neurological assessment, renal function biomarker, and as a candidate risk gene in several inflammatory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases. It is an emerging target for research into sleep disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic syndrome[1][2][3][4].

Other names

Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomeraseL-PGDSLipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthaseBeta-trace proteinCerebrin-28Glutathione-independent PGD synthasePGDSPGD2 synthaseProstaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

Enzyme inhibitors block the synthesis of PGD2 by inhibiting PTGDS Indirect modulation via regulation of prostaglandin synthesis upstream (e.g., COX inhibitors decrease PGH2 levels)