Prostaglandin E3 (PGE3)

Prostaglandin E3 is an eicosanoid lipid mediator produced by cyclooxygenase metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)[1][3][5][7][8]. It is structurally defined by a cyclopentane ring with multiple functional groups, and is typically present at low concentrations and rapidly metabolized in tissues[3][7]. PGE3 plays a key physiological role in modulating inflammation, regulating immune and vascular responses, and may contribute to anti-tumor activity, notably through effects on macrophage polarization and immune cell signaling[1][3][4][8]. While extensively studied for its biological properties in cardiovascular and inflammatory contexts, it is not a classical therapeutic target, and there are currently no approved drugs that act specifically by modulating PGE3 levels or function. Note: If the intent is to study drug targets for prostaglandin E3, research should focus instead on the prostaglandin E receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4)—these are true therapeutic targets, not the ligand itself[2][8].

Other names

PGE3delta(17)-PGE1delta(17)-Prostaglandin E1prostaglandin E3 (PubChem, HMDB)

When present, PGE3 interacts with prostaglandin receptors (mainly EP1–EP4), functioning as an agonist. These receptors are G protein-coupled and mediate signal transduction, leading to anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and vasomodulatory responses[8]. Mechanistic effects may include inhibition of macrophage polarization, promotion of M2a over TAM/M1 phenotypes, suppression of cAMP signaling, and regulation of protein kinase A activity[4][8].