Prostaglandin synthesis enzyme (COX, PGES, PGIS, TxAS, PGFS)

Prostaglandin synthesis enzymes comprise a group of oxidoreductase and isomerase enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to bioactive prostaglandins, including PGE2, PGD2, PGI2 (prostacyclin), PGF2α, and thromboxane A2, via multistep reactions involving cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2) and specific terminal synthases (e.g., prostaglandin E synthase, prostacyclin synthase). These molecules serve essential functions in mediating inflammation, immune response, vasoregulation, pain, fever, cell proliferation, and homeostatic processes. Therapeutic targeting of individual prostaglandin synthesis enzymes, especially inducible isoforms such as COX-2 and mPGES-1, is a major strategy for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and cancer, albeit with significant safety concerns due to broad physiologic functions. Currently, the term "central prostaglandin synthesis enzymes" is not a formal canonical designation, and precise molecular forms should be specified for structured data.

Other names

Prostaglandin G/H synthaseCyclooxygenase (COX)Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES)Prostaglandin I synthase (PGIS, prostacyclin synthase)Thromboxane synthase (TxAS)Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (hPGDS)

Inhibition of the enzyme to reduce prostaglandin synthesis Modulation of inflammation, pain, fever, and other prostaglandin-dependent processes