Lysyl oxidase (LOX) (LOX)

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-dependent enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the maturation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by catalyzing the cross-linking of collagen and elastin (UniProt P35052). This process is essential for maintaining the mechanical strength and structural integrity of connective tissues (PMID: 31434056). Pathologically, elevated levels of LOX mRNA and protein are associated with increased ECM stiffness, which promotes tumor progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis in various cancers (PMID: 29153514). In fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and liver cirrhosis, LOX-mediated cross-linking leads to the accumulation of dense, insoluble collagen fibers that impair organ function (PMID: 31434056). Therapeutic interventions targeting LOX include small molecule inhibitors like PXS-5505 and experimental RNA-based therapies designed to reduce LOX mRNA expression (Pharmaxis Ltd). Inhibiting LOX activity or expression is a promising strategy to normalize the tumor microenvironment and halt the progression of fibrotic conditions (PMID: 29153514).

Other names

Protein-lysine 6-oxidaseLOXLysyl oxidase mRNALOX transcript

Inhibition of the oxidative deamination of lysine residues in collagen and elastin, preventing the formation of covalent cross-links and reducing extracellular matrix stiffness (PMID: 31434056).