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Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 1 (PTP4A1)
- Target
- PTP4A1
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Protein tyrosine phosphatase, Dual-specificity phosphatase (because it dephosphorylates tyrosine as well as serine/threonine residues in some contexts)
01
Overview
Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 1 (PTP4A1) is a member of a small class of prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases that feature a PTP domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. It is a cell signaling enzyme involved in key regulatory roles, promoting cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and maintenance of differentiating epithelial tissues. Overexpression is linked to tumorigenesis and increased metastatic potential in several cancers. The protein primarily localizes to the nucleus but also associates with the plasma membrane via its prenylation motif, and is considered a promising, though challenging, therapeutic target in oncology.
- Other names
- Protein-tyrosine phosphatase of regenerating liver 1PRL-1PRL1PTP(CAAX1)PTPCAAX1phosphatase of regenerating liver 1HH72PVT1/PTP4A1 fusionprotein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibitors (experimental or in development) block phosphatase activity, affecting cell proliferation and survival signals
03
Biological functions
Signal transductionCell cycle regulationCell proliferationCell migrationPromotion of cancer metastasis
04
Disease associations
Cancer (including colorectal cancer and promotion of metastasis)Potential roles in other proliferative diseases
05
Safety considerations
Potential on-target toxicity affecting normal cell proliferation, cell cycle, or epithelial tissue maintenanceTumorigenic risk if function is unintentionally increased
06
Interacting drugs
experimental PTP4A1 inhibitors
07
Biomarkers
Overexpression of PTP4A1 can serve as a marker for tumorigenic potential or poor prognosis in certain cancers (e.g., colorectal cancer)
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