PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA (PACERR)

PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA (PACERR) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed antisense to the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene[5][3]. It interacts directly with NF-κB transcriptional regulators (notably the p50 subunit, also called NFKB1) to promote the expression of PTGS2 (COX-2)[5]. PACERR is involved in epigenetic regulation by binding transcription factor CTCF and recruiting the histone acetyltransferase p300 to the promoter regions of both PACERR and PTGS2, leading to increased histone acetylation, enhanced PTGS2 transcription, and promoting M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), especially in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma[1]. Dysregulation of PACERR/COX-2 axis has been implicated in cancer progression, particularly in inflammation-associated cancers such as pancreatic cancer, by modulating the phenotype of the immune microenvironment[1][5].\n\nAdditional details:\n- PACERR is not a protein-coding gene and is not itself a classical therapeutic target like a receptor, enzyme, or transporter, though it is therapeutically relevant as a regulator of gene expression. \n- There are no known drugs that directly target PACERR, and it is not a current clinical biomarker or direct drug target[5].\n- Key related diseases include osteoarthritis, osteogenic sarcoma, and pancreatic cancer[5][1].\n- See also parent gene entries: PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2; COX-2), which is a validated drug target for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and in cancer therapy; PACERR modifies PTGS2 expression, but is not itself modulated by approved drugs[2].

Other names

PACERPTGS2-AS1p50-associated COX-2 extragenic RNAPTGS2 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)