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Pulmonary Surfactant (PS)
- Target
- PS
- Molecular classification
- Lipoprotein Complex, Lipid Mixture, Phospholipid Mixture, Surfactant Protein A, Surfactant Protein B, Surfactant Protein C, Surfactant Protein D
01
Overview
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that lines the alveoli of the lungs. It reduces surface tension, prevents alveolar collapse, and facilitates gas exchange. It also plays a role in host defense and immune modulation. Deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant is implicated in various lung diseases, including neonatal RDS and ARDS. Surfactant replacement therapy is used to treat neonatal RDS.
- Other names
- Lung SurfactantAlveolar Surfactant
02
Mechanism of action
Reduction of alveolar surface tension
03
Biological functions
Reduction of surface tensionPrevention of alveolar collapseMaintenance of lung complianceFacilitation of gas exchangeHost defenseImmune modulationLipid homeostasis
04
Disease associations
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)AsthmaChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)PneumoniaIdiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)Cystic FibrosisSarcoidosisHypersensitivity PneumonitisPulmonary edema
05
Safety considerations
Potential for barotrauma with excessive ventilation during surfactant administrationRisk of pulmonary hemorrhageAdverse immune reactions (rare)
06
Interacting drugs
Exogenous Surfactants (e.g., Beractant, Calfactant, Poractant alfa)
07
Biomarkers
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) levels in amniotic fluid (for fetal lung maturity)Surfactant protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (for lung injury)
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