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Pulmonary Surfactant Layer
- Molecular classification
- Lipid-Protein Complex, Phospholipid Mixture, Surfactant
01
Overview
The pulmonary surfactant layer is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins produced by type II alveolar epithelial cells in the lungs. Its primary function is to reduce surface tension at the air-liquid interface within the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse and facilitating efficient gas exchange. Key components include dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), other phospholipids, and surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D.
- Other names
- Lung SurfactantAlveolar Surfactant
02
Mechanism of action
Reduction of surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse and improving lung compliance.
03
Biological functions
Surface Tension ReductionAlveolar StabilityHost DefenseImmune ModulationLung Compliance
04
Disease associations
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)Respiratory Failure
05
Safety considerations
Airway obstruction during administrationPulmonary hemorrhageInfectionPotential for immune reactions
06
Interacting drugs
Exogenous Pulmonary Surfactants (e.g., Beractant, Poractant alfa, Calfactant)
07
Biomarkers
Surfactant protein levels (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D) in amniotic fluid or tracheal aspiratesLecithin-Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
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