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Radiation-induced cellular damage via yttrium-90 beta emission (Y-90 beta emission)
- Target
- Y-90 beta emission
- Molecular classification
- Radioisotope, Beta emitter
01
Overview
Radiation-induced cellular damage via yttrium-90 beta emission describes a therapeutic mechanism where the radioisotope Y-90 emits high-energy beta particles, causing localized radiation damage to tumor cells. This leads to DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, and necrosis, ultimately destroying tumor tissue. Y-90 is delivered via microspheres, antibody conjugates, or BetaGlue and is used primarily in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastases, leukemia, and lymphoma.
- Other names
- Y-90 radioembolizationTransarterial radioembolizationSelective internal radiation therapy
02
Mechanism of action
Yttrium-90 (Y-90) emits high-energy beta particles that penetrate nearby tissues, causing radiation damage, DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, and necrosis, leading to tumor tissue destruction. The dominant mechanism is radiation-induced necrosis from targeted transarterial administration of Y-90-labeled microspheres.
03
Biological functions
Induction of DNA damageCellular apoptosisRadiation-induced necrosisTumor tissue destruction
04
Disease associations
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)Management of liver metastasesTreatment of leukemiaTreatment of lymphoma
05
Safety considerations
Nontarget embolizationRadiation to adjacent structures (theoretical risk)Systemic effects (fatigue, flu-like symptoms)Microsphere migration through arteriovenous fistulaeCutaneous injury if falciform artery is involved
06
Interacting drugs
Ibritumomab tiuxetan (when conjugated with Y-90)
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