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RAS Proto-Oncogene Family (RAS)
- Target
- RAS
- Molecular classification
- Small GTPase, Proto-oncogene, Signaling protein
01
Overview
The RAS proto-oncogene family (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS) encodes small GTPases that function as molecular switches in signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Mutations in RAS genes, particularly KRAS, are highly prevalent in various cancers, leading to constitutive activation of downstream signaling and uncontrolled cell growth. Targeting mutant RAS, especially KRAS G12C, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy.
- Other names
- HRASKRASNRASHarvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologKirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologNeuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of RAS GTPase activity, irreversible modification of cysteine at position 12 (e.g., KRAS G12C inhibitors)
03
Biological functions
Signal transductionCell proliferationCell differentiationCell survivalRegulation of cell growth
04
Disease associations
CancerPancreatic ductal carcinomaLung adenocarcinomaColorectal carcinomaMelanomaHematologic malignanciesBladder cancerHead & neck squamous cell carcinoma
05
Safety considerations
Resistance to targeted therapiesOff-target effectsDevelopment of secondary mutationsLimited efficacy in RAS-driven cancers beyond KRAS G12C
06
Interacting drugs
KRAS G12C inhibitors (e.g., sotorasib, adagrasib)
07
Biomarkers
KRAS mutations (e.g., G12D, G12V, G12C)NRAS mutationsHRAS mutations
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