Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress-related targets (ROS targets)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress-related targets represent a diverse group of molecular entities involved in the generation, regulation, and detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Key components include ROS-generating enzymes such as NADPH oxidases (NOX) and xanthine oxidase, as well as antioxidant defense systems comprising enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) [PMID: 28249838]. A central regulatory node is the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, which orchestrates the transcriptional response to oxidative stress by inducing the expression of numerous cytoprotective genes [PMID: 24561990]. Chronic oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity, is a hallmark of various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's), cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [PMID: 30851316]. Pharmacological intervention in this area involves the use of direct antioxidants, Nrf2 activators like dimethyl fumarate, or specific inhibitors of ROS-producing enzymes to restore redox homeostasis and mitigate tissue damage [PMID: 27119150].

Other names

Oxidative stress targetsRedox-related targetsAntioxidant targetsROS-generating enzymes

Modulation of redox homeostasis through the activation of antioxidant response elements (ARE), inhibition of ROS-generating enzymes (e.g., NOX), or direct scavenging of reactive species.