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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Receptor Binding Domain of Spike Glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2) (RBD)
- Target
- RBD
- Molecular classification
- Viral protein domain
01
Overview
The receptor binding domain (RBD) is a critical region within the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The spike protein is a large, trimeric transmembrane protein that facilitates viral entry into host cells. The RBD specifically mediates attachment to the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), initiating infection. It is a major target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. Mutations in this region are closely monitored as they can affect transmissibility, immune escape, and vaccine efficacy. Recent research suggests the RBD may also interact with sialic acid moieties on cell surfaces, contributing to initial attachment.
- Other names
- SARS-CoV-2 RBDSpike RBDRBD (SARS-CoV-2)
02
Mechanism of action
Neutralizing antibodies bind to the RBD, preventing ACE2 interaction and viral entry; vaccines elicit neutralizing antibody production.
03
Biological functions
Receptor bindingViral entryImmune evasion
04
Disease associations
InfectionCOVID-19 pathogenesis
05
Safety considerations
Potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)Efficacy reduced by emerging variants with RBD mutationsRisk of immune escape mutations arising under selective pressure from antibodies.
06
Interacting drugs
Neutralizing antibodies (e.g., monoclonal antibodies)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
RBD-specific antibody titers (vaccine efficacy, prior infection)RBD mutations (viral variants, immune escape)
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