Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T (PTPRT)

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T (PTPRT) is a transmembrane enzyme belonging to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, primarily expressed in the central nervous system. It contains extracellular domains (MAM, Ig-like, fibronectin type III), a single transmembrane region, and two intracellular catalytic domains, the first of which is enzymatically active. PTPRT regulates cell signaling by dephosphorylating substrates involved in cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation—playing a critical role in neuronal development, synapse formation, and functioning as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. Mutation or loss of function in PTPRT is associated with enhanced STAT3 activity, disrupted cell-cell adhesion, impaired neuronal connectivity, and increased cancer risk.

Other names

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type TPTPrhoPTPρRPTPrhoReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase rhoKIAA0283R-PTP-TRPTP-rho

Noted as a tumor suppressor that functions by dephosphorylating substrates such as STAT3 (affecting gene expression), paxillin (regulating tumorigenicity), and proteins involved in synapse formation. A drug targeting PTPRT would likely restore or enhance phosphatase activity, inhibit detrimental downstream signaling, or modulate cell adhesion, but no such drugs are in clinical use as of 2024.