Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta (PTPRZ)

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta (PTPRZ) is a member of the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) family, classified in the R5 subfamily based on sequence similarity[2][8]. PTPRZ is a single-pass transmembrane enzyme with an extracellular carbonic anhydrase-like domain, a fibronectin-like domain, and two intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase domains[2]. Its predominant expression is in the central nervous system, especially within astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and oligodendrocytes[2][6]. PTPRZ plays a major role in modulating neural cell signaling, most notably by negatively regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation and CNS myelination via opposing Fyn kinase action on p190RhoGAP[5][6]. In brain tumors such as gliomas, PTPRZ is often overexpressed, making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. However, as of now, no approved drugs directly target PTPRZ in clinical settings[2][5][8].

Other names

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type ZPtprzPTPRZ1RPTP-ζ (RPTP-zeta)PhosphacanPhosphacan RPTP

Inhibition of PTPRZ activity could enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination[5].