Recombinant proteins

Recombinant proteins are proteins produced by inserting a gene encoding the protein of interest into a suitable expression system using recombinant DNA technology. The resulting protein is synthesized by the host organism—such as E. coli, yeast, or mammalian cells—allowing for large-scale production. These proteins encompass a vast array of biotherapeutics (e.g., recombinant insulin, interferons, growth hormones), research reagents, diagnostic antigens, and vaccine components. Their use has transformed modern medicine and life sciences, making it possible to develop highly specific medicines, reliable diagnostic assays, and vaccines for various diseases. However, because "recombinant proteins" refers to a method of production rather than a specific structure or function, it cannot be directly mapped to the established framework for individual molecular targets or receptors