Redox biochemistry

Redox biochemistry involves the study of electron transfer reactions that are essential for cellular energy metabolism and signal transduction (Sies, H., 2017, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology). This biochemical framework maintains a delicate balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense mechanisms, a state known as redox homeostasis. When this balance is perturbed, the resulting oxidative stress can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA, contributing significantly to the progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders (Circu, M. L., & Aw, T. Y., 2010, Free Radical Biology and Medicine). While 'Redox biochemistry' is a broad scientific field rather than a single therapeutic target, numerous enzymes (e.g., NADPH oxidases, superoxide dismutases) and transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2) within this discipline are targeted to modulate disease states. Therapeutic strategies include the use of small molecules to scavenge ROS, mimic antioxidant enzymes, or induce the expression of protective genes (Liby, K. T., & Sporn, M. B., 2012, Pharmacological Reviews). Modern pharmacological research focuses on site-specific or pathway-specific modulation to improve the efficacy and safety of redox-active agents.

Other names

Reduction-oxidation biochemistryCellular redox homeostasisOxidative stress pathwaysRedox signaling

Modulation of cellular oxidative state through ROS scavenging, induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2 activation, or inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes such as NADPH oxidase.