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Reflex Arc

Molecular classification: Neural pathway, Neural circuit

Overview

The reflex arc is a fundamental neural pathway that mediates a reflex—an involuntary, nearly instantaneous response to a specific stimulus. It allows for rapid reactions by transmitting signals through the spinal cord or brainstem, often bypassing higher brain centers to minimize delay. It is composed of a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. There are somatic and autonomic types, as well as monosynaptic and polysynaptic types. The primary function of reflex arcs is to enable quick protective movements and regulate vital functions without conscious thought.

Biological functions

Rapid involuntary response to stimuliHomeostasisProtective movementsRegulation of blood pressureMaintenance of posture

Disease associations

Neurological disorders (e.g., hyperreflexia, hyporeflexia)Spinal cord injuryAutonomic dysfunction

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