Regulator of Chromosome Condensation 2 (RCC2)

Regulator of Chromosome Condensation 2 (RCC2), also known as TD-60, is a highly conserved protein essential for the proper execution of mitosis and cell cycle progression. It serves as a key component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), where it facilitates the correct attachment of kinetochores to mitotic spindles and ensures accurate chromosome segregation. Beyond its structural role, RCC2 functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for small GTPases such as RalA and Rac1, thereby modulating signaling pathways that govern cell proliferation, motility, and the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. In clinical contexts, RCC2 is frequently identified as an oncogene that is overexpressed in a wide array of malignancies, including colorectal, ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. Its elevated expression is often associated with poor prognosis, increased tumor growth, and enhanced metastatic potential, particularly through the activation of the MAPK/JNK and Wnt signaling pathways. While no approved drugs currently target RCC2 directly, it is a subject of intense research as a therapeutic target; inhibition of RCC2 has been shown to induce mitotic arrest and suppress metastasis in various preclinical cancer models. Additionally, RCC2 is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53, and its role in cisplatin resistance makes it a potential target for combination therapies aimed at overcoming chemoresistance.

Other names

TD-60Telophase disk protein of 60 kDaRCC1-like protein TD-60KIAA1470TD60Receptor co-complex 2 (incorrect name)