Regulatory T cell, regulatory B cell, and Interleukin-10-mediated immune pathway (Treg/Breg/IL-10 pathway)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are essential components of the immune system that maintain self-tolerance and prevent excessive inflammation by suppressing the activity of effector lymphocytes. A primary mechanism through which these cells exert their regulatory function is the secretion of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that binds to the Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma (Nature Reviews Immunology, 2007). In the context of autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease, the activity of the Treg/Breg/IL-10 axis is often impaired, making it a target for therapeutic enhancement through IL-10 agonists or low-dose Interleukin-2 therapy (NEJM, 2011). Conversely, in oncology, these regulatory pathways are often hijacked by tumors to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that facilitates immune evasion, leading to research into Treg depletion or IL-10 signaling blockade (Frontiers in Immunology, 2018). Monitoring this pathway typically involves quantifying FoxP3+ T cells, specific Breg subsets (e.g., CD24hiCD38hi), and systemic IL-10 levels to assess immune status and treatment efficacy.

Other names

Treg/Breg/IL-10 axisIL-10 signaling pathwayImmunosuppressive regulatory networkRegulatory lymphocyte-IL-10 axis

Interleukin-10 receptor agonism, Regulatory T cell expansion, Regulatory B cell induction, Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, Suppression of antigen-presenting cell function