Regulatory T cell (CD4-positive, FOXP3-positive) (Treg)

Regulatory T cells (Treg), specifically the CD4-positive, FOXP3-positive population, are a specialized subset of T lymphocytes that play a central role in maintaining immune tolerance and homeostasis[1][2][5][6]. These cells express the surface marker CD4 and high levels of CD25 (the interleukin-2 receptor α-chain) as well as the transcription factor FOXP3, which is essential for their development and suppressive function[1][2][4][5]. They can be divided into natural Tregs (thymus-derived) and peripherally induced Tregs, both critical for preventing autoimmunity and limiting excessive immune responses[1][4][5]. Dysregulation of Treg generation, stability, or function is implicated in various diseases, including autoimmunity, allergies, transplant rejection, infections (where they may both protect from immunopathology and limit pathogen clearance), and cancer (where they may hinder anti-tumor immune responses)[3][5][6][8]. Treg generation and function can be therapeutically targeted by cytokines, small molecules, or cell-based therapies, but manipulation of Tregs must carefully balance risks of immune suppression versus immune activation[6][5].

Other names

CD4+ regulatory T cellFOXP3+ Treg cellTregCD4+FOXP3+ TregCD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell

Enhancement or expansion of Tregs to promote immune tolerance or suppress autoimmunity/inflammation; Inhibition of Treg function to enhance anti-tumor immunity; Promotion of Treg induction from naïve T cells (via cytokines such as TGF-β and retinoic acid)[5]; Immune modulation through adoptive cell therapy or cytokine administration.