Renal tubular urate transporter

Renal tubular urate transporters are a group of membrane proteins primarily localized to the **proximal tubule epithelial cells** in the kidney, which orchestrate the movement of urate between the filtrate and blood. Major reabsorptive transporters include **Urate transporter 1 (URAT1, SLC22A12)**, **Organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4, SLC22A11)**, and **Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9, SLC2A9)**. Secretory transporters include **Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1, SLC22A6)**, **Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3, SLC22A8)**, **ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2)**, **Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 (NPT1, SLC17A1)**, and **NPT4 (SLC17A3)**. Dysregulation or genetic mutation in these transporters can lead to disorders such as gout (hyperuricemia), hypouricemia, or increased risk of kidney injury. Several uricosuric drugs target these transporters to promote urate excretion and lower serum uric acid in conditions such as gout[1][3][4][5][6].

Other names

Urate transporters (proximal tubule)Urate handling transporters

Inhibition of urate reabsorption (uricosuric effect, mainly via inhibiting URAT1, OAT4, or GLUT9) Enhancement of urate excretion Inhibition of upstream uric acid synthesis (for allopurinol, febuxostat)