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All-trans-retinal (atRAL)
- Target
- atRAL
- Molecular classification
- Aldehyde, Retinoid, Visual Cycle Intermediate
01
Overview
All-trans-retinal (atRAL) is a chemically reactive aldehyde and a key intermediate in the visual (retinoid) cycle. It is generated when light activates visual pigments. Under normal physiological conditions, atRAL is rapidly cleared, but impaired clearance or excessive accumulation can lead to cellular toxicity and contribute to retinal degenerative diseases. Accumulation of atRAL promotes overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily via NADPH oxidase activation, which can trigger photoreceptor cell death.
- Other names
- retinaldehydeall-trans-retinaldehyde
02
Mechanism of action
N/A
03
Biological functions
Visual cycle intermediatePrecursor to all-trans-retinolSignaling molecule (indirectly through ROS production)
04
Disease associations
Stargardt diseaseAge-related macular degenerationRetinal degeneration
05
Safety considerations
Cellular toxicity due to ROS generationFormation of toxic condensation productsLight-induced damage to photoreceptors
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