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RFPL3 antisense RNA 1 (RFPL3S) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from the strand opposite to the RFPL3 gene locus on human chromosome 22[1][3][6]. It comprises several alternatively spliced transcript variants, but does not encode a protein. RFPL3S is suggested to regulate the expression of the sense RFPL genes, possibly at the post-transcriptional level, although its exact molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated[1][6]. Elevated expression of RFPL3S has been observed in various cancers, most notably lung cancer, where it is associated with unfavorable prognostic indicators such as poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, and increased proliferation markers (Ki-67)[1]. High RFPL3S transcript levels correlate with shorter overall and progression-free survival in lung cancer patients, positioning RFPL3S as a potential prognostic biomarker[1]. However, it is not a classical therapeutic target (such as a receptor, enzyme, or transporter), and there are currently no approved drugs known to interact with this lncRNA[1][3][6].
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