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Rho Family GTPase (Rho GTPase)
- Target
- Rho GTPase
- Molecular classification
- Small GTPase, Ras Superfamily, Signaling protein
01
Overview
The Rho family of GTPases comprises a group of small signaling proteins that act as molecular switches within cells. They regulate diverse cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, cell division, and gene expression. Their activity is controlled by cycling between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state, regulated by GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs. Aberrant regulation or mutation can contribute to diseases including cancer progression/metastasis and inflammatory disorders.
- Other names
- Rho proteinsRas homolog gene familySmall GTPases Rho family
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of GTP/GDP binding; disruption of protein-protein interactions with GEFs, GAPs or effectors; inhibition of isoprenylation
03
Biological functions
Actin cytoskeleton regulationCell motilityCell divisionCell survivalGene expressionSignal transductionMuscle contractionImmune system regulation
04
Disease associations
CancerInflammationMetastasis
05
Safety considerations
Potential for off-target effects due to broad involvement in cellular processesDifficulty in achieving specificity due to high sequence homology between family membersResistance development due to bypass mechanisms or compensatory pathways
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