Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1)

Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1) is a 50 kDa leucine-rich repeat protein extensively expressed in mammalian tissues, particularly in myeloid cells, cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria[2][3]. It binds members of the pancreatic ribonuclease A superfamily, especially angiogenin, with extremely high affinity, serving as a major intracellular safeguard against RNase-mediated RNA degradation[2][3]. RNH1’s functions extend beyond enzyme inhibition, encompassing regulation of mRNA translation, microRNA processing, mTOR signaling, and involvement in the unfolded protein response and cellular stress granule biology[1][2]. Deficiency of RNH1 leads to severe developmental, hematopoietic, and neurological defects, highlighting its essential role in cell survival and response to stress[3]. RNH1 is under investigation as a therapeutic target and biomarker, especially in cancer biology and diseases driven by translation or RNA metabolism abnormalities[1][2][3].

Other names

Angiogenin inhibitor 1RIPRIPlacental ribonuclease inhibitorRAITesticular tissue protein Li 164RNH (short forms)

Drug effects when targeting RNH1 (potential/inferred): Modulation of ribonuclease inhibitory activity; Alteration of translation regulation by affecting mRNA polysome stabilization; Interference with miRNA processing and mTOR signaling; Modulation of unfolded protein response via IRE1 inhibition.