Ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (RPPH1) (RPPH1)

Ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (RPPH1) is the catalytic RNA subunit of the human RNase P complex, a fundamental ribozyme responsible for the 5'-end maturation of precursor transfer RNAs (tRNAs) (Altman, 2007). While traditionally viewed as a constitutive housekeeping molecule essential for protein synthesis, RPPH1 is increasingly recognized as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that is significantly upregulated in various malignancies, including gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers (Li et al., 2018). In these contexts, RPPH1 promotes tumor progression, cell migration, and invasion by acting as a molecular sponge for tumor-suppressive microRNAs or by directly interacting with RNA-binding proteins to modulate downstream signaling pathways (Wang et al., 2019). Although there are currently no FDA-approved drugs targeting RPPH1, it is a subject of intense preclinical research for RNA-targeted interventions such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and siRNAs (Zhang et al., 2021). A major therapeutic challenge associated with targeting RPPH1 is its essential role in global tRNA biogenesis, which necessitates highly specific delivery mechanisms to avoid systemic toxicity and the lethal disruption of protein synthesis in healthy tissues (Jarrous, 2017).

Other names

H1 RNAH1RNARNase P RNARibonuclease P RNA component H1RPPH1

Antisense-mediated degradation or RNA interference (RNAi) targeting the RPPH1 transcript to inhibit its oncogenic scaffolding functions or its catalytic role in the RNase P complex.