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Ribosomal 60S subunit (60S subunit)
- Target
- 60S subunit
- Molecular classification
- Ribosome, Ribonucleoprotein complex, Ribozyme (the catalytic core of the 60S is RNA-based), Macromolecular machine, Other: Protein-RNA complex
01
Overview
The ribosomal 60S subunit is the large subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes, composed of three rRNA molecules (28S, 5.8S, and 5S) and ~47 ribosomal proteins in humans[6][8]. It catalyzes peptide bond formation at the peptidyl transferase center, interacts with tRNAs at the A, P, and E sites, and contains a polypeptide exit tunnel for nascent chain maturation and processing[1][5][7]. The 60S subunit is essential for translation, biogenesis, and maintenance of cellular protein synthesis[1][6][7]. Dysfunction or targeted inhibition can cause cell death, making it both a critical cellular component and a proven target for certain drugs and toxins[3][5][8].
- Other names
- Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunitLarge subunit of ribosome (eukaryotic)60S ribosomal subunit80S ribosome large subunit (in context of complete ribosome)
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of peptide bond formation by occupying or modifying the peptidyl transferase center; Disruption of elongation/translocation of mRNA and tRNA complexes; Chemical modification or depurination of rRNA (by toxins like ricin); Physical blockade or conformational change of exit tunnel
03
Biological functions
Catalysis of peptide bond formation (peptidyl transferase)Protein synthesis/translationtRNA binding (A-site, P-site, E-site)Nascent polypeptide exit tunnelRecruitment and activation of translation GTPasesRibosome biogenesis (assembly and maturation)Facilitation of post-translational processing (e.g. folding)
04
Disease associations
Cancer (ribosome dysfunction and biogenesis dysregulation link to proliferation)Infection (ribosomes are targeted by certain antibiotics and toxins)Other: Ribosomopathies (hereditary disorders affecting ribosome function)
05
Safety considerations
Inhibition of ribosome function results in broad cytotoxicity (suppression of global protein synthesis)Off-target effects in non-cancerous tissues if therapeutically targetedPotential immunogenicity or toxicity of drugs/toxins that target ribosomal function
06
Interacting drugs
Cycloheximide (inhibits eukaryotic translocation during translation)
4 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Expression levels or modifications of rRNA components (e.g., 28S rRNA methylation status)Ribosomal protein expression (e.g., alterations in RPL (ribosomal protein large) genes)Null for established clinical biomarkers, but under research for cancer and ribosomopathies
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