RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (SARS-CoV-2) (RdRp)

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, also known as nonstructural protein 12 (nsp12), is a central enzyme in the coronavirus replication and transcription machinery. It catalyzes the synthesis of viral RNA from an RNA template, a process essential for viral genome replication and subgenomic mRNA production. For full activity, nsp12 forms a complex with accessory proteins nsp7 and nsp8. RdRp operates within the larger replication-transcription complex (RTC), which includes other nonstructural proteins. Due to its essential role in virus propagation, RdRp is considered one of the most promising antiviral drug targets against COVID‑19.

Other names

nsp12nonstructural protein 12

Nucleotide analog inhibitors bind to the active site, are incorporated into nascent viral RNAs, and cause premature termination or stalling.