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RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a multi-subunit enzyme found in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), specifically the precursor rRNA that is processed into 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs in higher eukaryotes (or 25S in yeast). This process occurs within the nucleolus and represents a critical step in ribosome biogenesis and cell growth regulation. Pol I exclusively transcribes ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to produce a single large pre-rRNA transcript, and does not transcribe the gene for 5S rRNA. Synthesis of rRNA by Pol I sets the pace for ribosome production—a key determinant of cellular protein synthesis capacity. Dysregulation can contribute to diseases like cancer due to unchecked growth signaling pathways involving increased ribosome biogenesis.
Inhibition of rRNA transcription
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