Root canal dentin

Root canal dentin is the mineralized connective tissue that constitutes the primary structural component of the tooth root, enclosing the pulp chamber and root canal system [1]. It is composed of approximately 70% inorganic material (hydroxyapatite), 20% organic material (mainly Type I collagen), and 10% water [2]. The tissue is characterized by the presence of dentinal tubules, which house odontoblastic processes and allow for the passage of fluids and sensory stimuli [3]. In the context of endodontic therapy, root canal dentin is not a molecular target but rather a biological substrate that must be disinfected and shaped to treat infections such as apical periodontitis [4]. Therapeutic agents like sodium hypochlorite and EDTA are applied to this tissue to dissolve organic debris and remove the inorganic smear layer [5]. These interactions are crucial for achieving a clean surface that allows for the effective sealing of the root canal with biocompatible materials [6]. However, excessive chemical treatment can lead to structural degradation, increasing the risk of tooth fracture [7]. Ultimately, the management of root canal dentin is central to the success of endodontic procedures and the long-term retention of the natural dentition [8].

Other names

Radicular dentinEndodontic dentinCircumpulpal dentin

Chemical debridement, dissolution of organic and inorganic components, disinfection of dentinal tubules, and providing a substrate for hermetic sealing.