Roseburia

Roseburia is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, butyrate-producing bacteria within the Lachnospiraceae family, representing a significant component of the healthy human gut microbiota, typically comprising 3-15% of the total bacterial population [PMID: 28551131, PMID: 32626292]. These bacteria play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by fermenting dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, which provides the primary energy source for the colonic epithelium and exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects through the induction of regulatory T-cells [PMID: 21242271, PMID: 24326583]. Reduced abundance of Roseburia species, such as Roseburia intestinalis and Roseburia hominis, is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and type 2 diabetes [PMID: 29272365]. While Roseburia is a taxonomic genus rather than a single molecular receptor, it is a primary focal point in microbiome-based drug development, where it is utilized as a live biotherapeutic product (LBP) or targeted via prebiotic supplementation to restore metabolic and immune function in dysbiotic patients [PMID: 32626292, PMID: 28551131].

Other names

Roseburia genusButyrate-producing bacteriaLachnospiraceae genus Roseburia

Promotion of intestinal homeostasis through the anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers into butyrate; butyrate subsequently acts as a primary energy source for colonocytes and functions as an HDAC inhibitor and ligand for G-protein coupled receptors (e.g., GPR43, GPR109A) to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines.