Rotavirus entry factors

Rotavirus entry into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is a complex, multi-step process involving several cell surface molecules acting as attachment factors and co-receptors [1]. Initial attachment often involves the interaction of the viral spike protein VP4 (specifically the VP8* domain) with sialic acids or histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) such as Lewis or H-type antigens, which vary based on the host's genetic secretor status [1, 2]. Subsequent steps involve interactions with integrins (e.g., alpha-v-beta-3, alpha-2-beta-1) and the heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) to facilitate viral internalization via endocytosis [2]. Recently, Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) has also been identified as a critical host factor for rotavirus infection in human intestinal cells [3]. These factors are primarily expressed on the apical surface of mature enterocytes at the tips of the villi in the small intestine [1]. Targeting these entry factors or their interactions with viral proteins represents a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis, a leading cause of severe diarrhea in children worldwide [1, 2].

Other names

Rotavirus receptorsRotavirus attachment factorsIntestinal rotavirus coreceptorsRotavirus entry complex

Inhibition of viral attachment to host cell surface glycans and proteins, and blockade of subsequent endocytosis or membrane penetration pathways.