Ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1)

Ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) is a large intracellular calcium release channel primarily expressed in skeletal muscle. It is a homotetrameric protein complex located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. RYR1 plays a central role in excitation-contraction coupling by releasing Ca²⁺ from SR stores into the cytoplasm, initiating muscle contraction. Mutations in *RYR1* are associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility and central core disease, among other congenital myopathies.

Ryanodine receptors are intracellular calcium channels that mediate the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Drugs can either activate or inhibit the channel, leading to altered calcium homeostasis in cells.