S-arrestin peptide 291–310-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte (Arr 291–310 CD4+ T cell)

S-arrestin peptide 291–310-specific CD4+ T cells are a specialized population of helper T lymphocytes that recognize a specific 20-amino acid sequence (residues 291–310) of the retinal S-arrestin (S-Ag) protein (PubMed: 1723134). These cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune uveitis, an inflammatory condition of the eye, by migrating to the retina and orchestrating an immune attack against photoreceptor cells (PubMed: 8496328). In experimental models, such as Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU), these T cells are often used to induce disease or serve as the primary target for evaluating novel immunotherapies (PubMed: 15546388). Therapeutic interventions targeting these cells aim to either suppress their activation using traditional immunosuppressants like Cyclosporine or induce antigen-specific tolerance to prevent the autoimmune destruction of ocular tissues (PubMed: 2461132). Understanding the activation and regulation of these specific T cells is crucial for developing precision treatments for non-infectious uveitis. These cells are characterized by their expression of CD4 and their specific T-cell receptor (TCR) affinity for the S-Ag 291-310 epitope presented on MHC class II molecules.

Other names

S-Ag 291-310 specific T cellsVisual arrestin 291-310 specific CD4+ T cellsRetinal S-antigen 291-310 specific T cellsM-peptide specific T cells

Inhibition of T-cell activation via calcineurin inhibition, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and induction of antigen-specific peripheral tolerance or anergy.