S100 calcium-binding protein A11 (S100A11)

S100 calcium-binding protein A11 (S100A11) is a small, acidic protein from the S100 family, characterized by two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs[1][2][3][5]. It is expressed in many tissues and can localize to the cytoplasm or nucleus[1][4]. S100A11 is involved in diverse cellular processes, including regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, motility, enzyme activity, cytoskeletal organization, membrane dynamics, endosomal vesicle traffic, and response to inflammation[1][2][3][5]. Functionally, it acts by interacting with other proteins, modulating their activities often via calcium-dependent mechanisms, mediating signal transduction, and influencing gene expression (notably p21)[2][3]. Pathologically, altered S100A11 expression has been associated with a wide array of diseases, including cancer (with roles in metastasis and tumor progression), inflammation (through interaction with RAGE), vascular calcification, metabolic, and neurological disorders[1][2][3][5]. It lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity but exerts significant effects through protein-protein interactions and regulation of signaling pathways[2][3]. S100A11 is actively investigated as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target, but its broad physiological roles necessitate careful consideration of systemic effects when targeting it therapeutically[2].

Other names

Protein S100-A11CalgizzarinS100CMetastatic lymph node gene 70 proteinEpididymis secretory protein Li 43HEL-S-43MLN70S100 calcium binding protein A11protein S100-C

Modulation of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) pathway; Modulation of PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/SMAD, Wnt, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK pathways; Regulation of enzyme activities via calcium binding; Regulation of chromatin structure and transcription (via p21 induction)