Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs)

Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) are a major family of intrinsically disordered proteins that constitute a significant portion of human saliva, particularly from the parotid glands. They are characterized by a high content of proline, glycine, and glutamine residues and are classified into acidic, basic, and glycosylated subclasses. PRPs play a vital role in oral health by forming the acquired enamel pellicle, which protects teeth from acid erosion and regulates bacterial colonization. They also serve as a primary defense against dietary tannins by binding and precipitating these polyphenols, a process that also results in the sensation of astringency. In clinical practice, PRPs are relevant as they interact with oral care agents like chlorhexidine and fluoride, and their levels or genetic variants are used as biomarkers for susceptibility to dental caries and salivary stones. Beyond the oral cavity, the broader proline-rich protein family includes members involved in skin barrier function and systemic signaling, making them a subject of interest for novel therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Other names

Proline-rich salivary and other proteinsSalivary PRPsAcidic proline-rich proteinsBasic proline-rich proteinsGlycosylated proline-rich proteinsPRP family

Binding and precipitation of dietary tannins to prevent toxicity; formation of a protective enamel pellicle on tooth surfaces; modulation of calcium phosphate crystallization to maintain enamel integrity; providing a reservoir for antimicrobial agents like chlorhexidine.