Salmonella antigen

Salmonella antigens refer to a group of surface molecules found on Salmonella species, primarily categorized into somatic (O), flagellar (H), and capsular (Vi) antigens. The O antigen is a component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane, providing structural integrity and protecting the bacteria from host immune defenses. The H antigen is composed of the protein flagellin, which facilitates bacterial motility and chemotaxis, while the Vi antigen is a capsular polysaccharide found specifically in Salmonella Typhi that aids in virulence by masking O antigens from immune recognition. These antigens are the primary targets for diagnostic serotyping (Kauffman-White scheme) and the development of vaccines against typhoid fever and non-typhoidal salmonellosis. Therapeutic intervention typically involves the use of purified antigens or attenuated strains to elicit protective humoral and cellular immune responses in the host.

Other names

O antigenH antigenVi antigenSomatic antigenFlagellar antigenCapsular antigenSalmonella lipopolysaccharideSalmonella enterica antigens

Vaccines targeting Salmonella antigens work by inducing active immunity through the production of specific antibodies (IgA, IgG) and T-cell responses that recognize and neutralize the bacteria or prevent its attachment to intestinal mucosa.