Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B (S. Paratyphi B)

Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium and a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family (Wikipedia). It is one of the primary causative agents of paratyphoid fever, a systemic febrile illness similar to typhoid fever but generally less severe (CDC). The serovar is divided into two distinct biotypes: the d-tartrate-negative 'sensu stricto' biotype, which typically causes systemic enteric fever, and the d-tartrate-positive 'Java' biotype, which is more commonly associated with self-limiting gastroenteritis (Journal of Clinical Microbiology). S. Paratyphi B invades the host through the fecal-oral route, utilizing various virulence factors and pathogenicity islands (SPIs) to colonize the intestinal epithelium and survive within macrophages (Wikipedia, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology). Therapeutic management relies on antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and azithromycin (MDPI, ResearchGate). However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, often mediated by plasmids and integrons, poses a significant challenge to global health (MDPI, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy).

Other names

Salmonella Paratyphi BSalmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi BSalmonella enterica serotype O1,4,5,12:Hb:1,2Salmonella SchotmülleriSalmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B sensu strictoSalmonella enterica serovar Java

Antibiotics targeting this organism act by inhibiting essential bacterial processes, including DNA replication via DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition (fluoroquinolones), protein synthesis via ribosomal binding (macrolides, chloramphenicol), and cell wall synthesis (beta-lactams and cephalosporins).