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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi antigen (Ty21a)
- Molecular classification
- Live attenuated vaccine, Bacterial antigen
01
Overview
The Ty21a antigen refers to a live attenuated strain of *Salmonella enterica* subsp. *enterica* serovar Typhi, used as the active component in the oral typhoid vaccine known as Ty21a. This strain is engineered to be non-pathogenic while retaining immunogenic properties, enabling it to stimulate protective immune responses without causing disease. It induces both humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular immune responses, promoting production of opsonophagocytic antibodies and eliciting robust T cell-mediated immunity, including resident memory T cells (T_RM) in intestinal tissues. Key immunogenic components include outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), eliciting broad immunity against multiple surface antigens present on *S. Typhi*.
- Other names
- Ty21aLive attenuated Salmonella Typhi Ty21a strainOral Typhoid Vaccine (Ty21a)
02
Mechanism of action
Colonization of gut mucosa, antigen presentation, activation of humoral and cellular immune responses, generation of memory T cells and antibody-secreting cells specific to Salmonella Typhi antigens.
03
Biological functions
Antigen presentationImmune response inductionHumoral immunity stimulationCellular immunity stimulationMemory T cell generationInduction of IgA ASCT cell activation (CD4+, CD8+)
04
Disease associations
Prevention of Typhoid FeverInfection
05
Safety considerations
Potential for reversion to virulence (rare)Contraindicated in immunocompromised individualsPossible mild gastrointestinal side effectsReduced efficacy with concurrent antibiotic use
06
Biomarkers
IgA antibody levelsIFNγ production by T cellsIL-17A production by T cellsTNFα production by T cellsIL-2 production by T cellsPresence of resident memory T cells in gut
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