Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi)

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated, facultatively anaerobic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae[1][5]. It is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a systemic infectious disease characterized by sustained fever, abdominal pain, and sometimes a rash[7]. S. Typhi invades the intestinal epithelium, survives in phagocytes, and disseminates throughout the lymphatic system and bloodstream. It expresses distinct antigens (O, H, and Vi), with the Vi antigen being a capsule associated with increased virulence and immune evasion[1][7]. Transmission occurs via the fecal–oral route, predominantly through contaminated food and water. S. Typhi infection is treated with antibiotics, though resistance is an increasing concern, especially in endemic areas[4][6].

Other names

Salmonella TyphiS. TyphiTyphoid bacillus

Antibiotics inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase (fluoroquinolones)[3] Beta-lactams disrupt cell wall synthesis (penicillins, cephalosporins)[5] Macrolides inhibit protein synthesis (azithromycin)[5]