SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 spike glycoprotein N-terminal domain (XBB.1.5 S-NTD)

The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 spike glycoprotein is a critical antigenic region involved in viral entry and immune evasion. XBB.1.5, a descendant of the Omicron lineage, contains specific mutations in the NTD (such as T19I, L24S, V83A, G142D, H146Q, G183E, V213E, and G252V) that facilitate escape from many previously established neutralizing antibodies [3, 17]. The M2 antibody is a human monoclonal antibody specifically elicited by XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccines that recognizes a unique epitope on the "top side" of the XBB.1.5 NTD [17, 18]. Binding of M2 to this epitope provides potent neutralization of the XBB.1.5 variant, although it lacks cross-reactivity with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains [18, 21]. This target is significant for the development of next-generation vaccines and therapeutic antibodies designed to combat evolving SARS-CoV-2 subvariants [11, 17].

Other names

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 spike N-terminal domainXBB.1.5 S-NTDSARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 S1-NTDM2 antibody epitopeOmicron XBB.1.5 spike glycoprotein NTD

Neutralization of viral infection by binding to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein, thereby inhibiting viral entry or stabilizing the prefusion conformation [17, 33].